Ivyo gusosa kamere
Siteviyoli
Ivyo bita steviol glycosides, bizwi kandi nk’ivyo bita stevia canke isukari ya stevia, ni ibintu bifise insobanuro zidafise ingaburo ziri mu mugwi w’ivyo bita glycosides. Bikurwa mu mababi y’igitegwa citwa stevia (Stevia repens), kikaba ari igiterwa c’ivyatsi co mu muryango w’ibimera vyitwa Asteraceae. Ni glycosides diterpenoïdes, ifu y’amabuye y’agaciro yera canke y’umuhondo gatoyi idafise akamoto, ifise umurongo w’amamolekule C38H60O18. Igitigiri cavyo co gushonga ni 196–202 degrees , gifise agaciro k’ubushuhe bwa 0. Biraryoshe incuro nka 300 kuruta isukari, bifise uburyohe busharira gatoyi kandi bumeze nk’ivyatsi, kandi uburyohe buratera buhoro buhoro. Steviol glycosides zishobora gusenyuka mu mazi no muri éthanol, zishobora gusenyuka mu mazi, kandi zishobora gukomera cane mu bushuhe, ivyo bikaba bituma zigora kubora.
Ivyamwa vy’abamonki ni ibirungo vy’ibinyabuzima bita triterpénoïdes. Igihimba cabo c’inzobe ni C60H102O29·H2O, kirimwo ibisigazwa 5 vy’isukari. Biva mu gukura mu mbuto z’abamonki hakoreshejwe amazi canke 50% ya éthanol, hanyuma bigakurikirwa n’ugushira hamwe, kuvyuma, no gusubira guhinduka ikibiriti. Ivyamwa vy’abamonki glycosides ni ifu yera y’amabuye y’agaciro ifise uburebure bwo gushonga buri hagati ya degre 197–201 (irabora). Birasosa incuro 260 kuruta isukari, bikaba bifise uburyohe bugumaho kandi inyuma y’aho bifise uburyohe busharira bwibutsa steviol glycosides.
Glisirizini, izwi kandi kw’izina rya glisiririzini, ifise ubuhinga bwa molecule C42H62O16. Ni ifu yera y’ikibiriti ifise ubushuhe bwo gushonga bwa degre 220 (ibora), ifise agaciro k’ubushuhe bwa 0, n’uburyohe burengeye incuro 200 ubw’isukari. Irafise akamoto k’umururumba k’igihe gito. Igikoko citwa licorice ntigishobora gusenyuka gatoyi mu mazi no mu bisubizo vya éthanol, ariko kirashobora gusenyuka mu mazi ashushe. Ni aside nke kandi ikoreshwa cane mu kwongereza no gutuma uburyohe butera imbere, no mu guhindura uburyohe. Iyo ikoreshejwe hamwe n’ibirungo bishingiye kuri sodium saccharin n’ibirungo vy’aside nucléique-, iragira ingaruka zikorana ku buryohe n’uburyohe. Ibintu bigurishwa ni umunyu wayo witwa amonium canke potassium.
Xylitol, izwi kandi kw’izina ry’inzoga ya pentapentyl, ifise ubuhinga bwa molecule C5H12O5. Xylitol isukuye ni ifu yera y'amabuye y'agaciro ifise ubushobozi bwo gushonga hagati ya degre 92 na 96 . Ifise ubushuhe bwiza, ifise agaciro k’ubushuhe ka 17 kJ/g, n’uburyohe burengeye incuro 0,65–1,05 ubw’isukari. Irafise uburyohe busubiza umutima mu nda iyo umuntu ayiriye ataco akora. Nk’ikintu co gusosa, xylitol irashobora gutanga imiterere n’uburemere ku vyo kurya kandi ifise ibikorwa nk’ugukingira amenyo kubora, kudatuma isukari mu maraso ihinduka, no gutuma ibimera vy’ingirakamaro vyo mu mara bikura. Xylitol ibuza umusemburo gukura n’igikorwa co gutuma umusemburo umera; rero, ntibibereye ku vyo kurya bisaba ko umusemburo ubimbirwa. Gufata cane xylitol bishobora gutuma umuntu agira ububabare mu nda canke akagira inzara. Irafise uburyohe busubiza ubuzima kandi irashobora kwongereza uburyohe iyo ivanze n’ibindi bimota. Irafise ingaruka zikomeye ku gukosora uburyohe n’umunuko, kandi ibiranga uburyohe bwayo na vyo nyene ni vyiza iyo ikoreshejwe na saccharine na acesulfame potassium, igapfuka uburyohe n’uburyohe butaryoshe akenshi bujanye n’ibirungo bikomeye. Gufata cane erythritol bishobora gutuma umuntu agira inzara n’uguvyimba.
Ivyo gusosa bikomoka ku kamere
Sukaralose
Sucralose, izwi kandi kw’izina rya triklorogalaktosukrose canke sukarose, ni trikloro ikomoka ku sukarose. Igishushanyo cayo c'amamolekule ni C12H19O8Cl3. Ni ifu yera y’ikibiriti ifise ubushuhe bwo gushonga bwa degre 125 n’agaciro k’uburiro bwa 0. Iryoshe incuro 600 kuruta isukari, ifise uburyohe butagira agasembwa, bumeze nk’isukari-, nta n’akamoto ka nyuma, kandi ntituma amenyo abora canke ngo isukari mu maraso ihinduke. Sucralose irafise ubushobozi bwiza cane bwo gusenyuka no guhagarara, kandi irashobora gukuraho uburyohe bw’umunyu n’ubw’umunyu; birashobora gupfuka uburyohe budashimishije nk’ububabare, ubusharizi n’uburyohe bw’inzoga; kandi birashobora kwongereza uburyohe bw’ibirungo n’amata.
Alitame, izwi mu buryo bw’imiti kw’izina rya aside aspartique alanine, ni ikintu gitera uburyohe bw’ibinyabuzima bibiri bifise ubuhinga bw’ibinyabuzima C14H25N3O4S·2.5H2O. Ni ifu yera y’ikibiriti, iryoshe incuro nka 2000 kuruta isukari, ikaba iryoshe incuro 10 kuruta aspartame (APM). Ni ikintu gisosa kidafise ingaburo gifise uburyohe busa n’ubw’isukari, kitagira akamoto k’inyuma canke ububabare bw’icuma, kandi nta -gitera amazi. Ishobora gusenyuka mu mazi no mu bita éthanol, irahagarara cane, kandi irashobora guhangana n’ubushuhe n’aside. Igumaho cane mu bidukikije bifise pH 5–8. Mu gihe umuntu ariko arateka, alitame iragumaho kuruta aspartame, igakomeza kugira ivyiza vy’aspartame mu gihe ishobora gutsinda ingorane zayo. Alitame ntibereye gukoreshwa mu mikate no mu nzoga.
Ivyo gusosa vy’abantu: Neotame. Neotame ni ikintu kiva kuri aspartame gikomoka ku kwongerako umugwi w’ibintu bikunda amazi ku molecule ya aspartame. Izina ryayo ry’ubuhinga ni gusa dimethyl ethyl aspartate, rifise ubuhinga bwa molecule C20H30N2O5. Ni ifu y’ikibiriti yera, ariko kenshi na kenshi iyo monohydrate ni yo iboneka, ifise ubuhinga bw’amamolekule C20H30N2O5·H2O, ifise uburebure bw’ugushonga bwa degre 80,9–83,4 , kandi ntibora. Neotame iryoshe incuro 30–60 kurusha aspartame, iryoshe incuro 6000–10000 kuruta sucrose. Igumya vyinshi mu bintu vyiza cane vy’aspartame, nk’uburyohe butagira agasembwa, gukwirakwiza neza uburyohe n’uburyohe-bwongerera uburyohe, nta calories, kandi nta cariogenicity. Neotame monohydrate nta -igira amazi. Mu bidukikije birimwo aside, neotame yerekana nk’ugushikama nk’uko aspartame igaragaza; ariko, mu bihe vy’ubushuhe butagira aho bugarukira canke mu bihe vy’ubushuhe bwinshi bw’igihe gito, neotame iragumaho cane kuruta aspartame, ivyo bikaba bituma ibereye gukoreshwa aho aspartame idakwiriye, nk’aho yoba ari mu bifungurwa vy’imikate.
Sakarini, izwi mu buryo bw’imiti kw’izina rya o-sulfonylbenzoimide, ifise ubuhinga bw’amamolekule C7H5O3NS, urugero rw’ugushonga ruri hagati ya degre 228–230 , kandi ni ikibiriti kitagira ibara canke ifu yera. Ubusobanuro bwayo buraruta incuro nka 500 ubw’isukari. Sakarini izwi kandi nk’isakarini idashobora gusenyuka canke aside ya sakarini. Ico abantu benshi bita sakarani mu vy’ukuri ni sakarani y’amazi, umunyu w’amazi w’isakarani, ufise umurongo w’amamolekule C7H4O3NSNa·2H2O. Ishobora gusenyuka mu mazi kandi izwi kandi kw’izina rya saccharine inyunyuka. Iboneka nk’ibisigazwa vy’amabuye y’agaciro bitagira ibara canke vyera, bitagira akamoto canke bifise akamoto gatoyi k’umuco, ntibishobora guhindurwa mu mubiri w’umuntu, bifise agaciro k’ubushuhe ka 0, kandi umunyuro wavyo w’amazi ufise akamoto k’inyuma k’umururumba. Cyclamate, izwi mu vy’ubuhinga bwa shimi kw’izina rya aside cyclohexylsulfamique, ifise ubuhinga bw’ibihimba vy’umubiri C6H13NO3S. Ni ifu yera y’ikibiriti ifise urugero rwo gushonga rwa degre 169–170 n’agaciro k’ubushuhe ka 0. Ubusobanuro bwayo ni incuro 40–50 z’ubusobanuro bwa sucrose. Cyclamate iboneka mu maduka mu vy’ukuri ni umunyu wayo witwa sodium canke calcium, ukaboneka nk’ibisigazwa vy’amabuye bitagira ibara canke vyera vy’ibipande. Ni ubushuhe-bushikamye, nti-bushobora gusenyuka mu mazi, bushobora gusenyuka mu mazi, nta n’akamoto kabi kagira inyuma, kandi burapfuka umururumba. Cyclamate akenshi ikoreshwa na saccharine, kenshi mu rugero rwa 10:1, bikaba bituma uburyohe bungana kandi bugapfuka uburyohe butaryoshe, gutyo bikaba bituma uburyohe bugira akamaro. Hari kandi amakuru yerekana ingaruka zikorana hagati ya cyclamate, saccharine, na aspartame. 1.4.4 Acesulfame K Acesulfame K, izwi kandi kw’izina ry’isukari ya AK, ifise izina ry’imiti asesulfame potasiyumu, ifise ubuhinga bwa molecule C4H4SKNO4. Ico kintu gisukuye ni ifu yera, iteye nk'ikibiriti, ifise uburebure bwo gushonga bugera kuri degre 123 . Itangura kubora hejuru ya degre 225 , ifise agaciro k’ubushuhe ka 0, kandi iryoshe incuro 150 kuruta isukari. Ifise uburyohe bushimishije ata n’akamoto kabi inyuma kandi ishobora kuvangwa n’ibindi bimota. Acesulfame K irashobora gusenyuka mu mazi kandi ntishobora gusenyuka mu gihe c’ubushuhe n’aside.